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Wave Height Detection Using Small Ship Motion Based on Detection of Three-Dimensional Center of Gravity



Author(s)

Yu Zhuang, Yutaka Watanabe and Kailun Yu

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DOI:10.17265/2159-5879/2026.01.001

Graduate School of Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Detection of Three-Dimensional Center of Gravity Inc., Tokyo 1358533, Japan

Small ships such as fishing boats often lack reliable weather prediction systems and safety equipment, making it difficult to obtain accurate sea condition information. When wave heights exceed safe limits, ship stability decreases, thereby increasing the risk of capsizing. This study applies D3DCG (Detection of Three-Dimensional Center of Gravity) to assess wave response characteristics and to ascertain the maximum wave height small ships can withstand under different motion conditions. Ship model experiments were conducted to measure real-time wave heights under different rotational motions. Results were compared with computational predictions. The findings indicate that the wave-gauge-measured wave heights are generally greater than the calculated values, although both exhibit similar trends of variation. The maximum tolerable wave height exhibits a nonlinear pattern, indicating that ship stability varies considerably with the motion state. Overall, D3DCG reflects real-time stability changes effectively and provides a practical approach for evaluating safe operation under uncertain wave conditions, offering valuable insights for maritime safety monitoring and early warning in the absence of meteorological support.

Capsizing prevention, D3DCG, real-time wave height, small ships.