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Cruz Garcia Lirios, Wilfrido Isidro Aldana Balderas, Josefiina Haydee Gutierrez Hernandez, Adriana Vanessa Blanes Ugarte, María del Rosario Molina González, Sonia Sujell Velez Baez, Tania Soto Ramirez, Ana Luz Minera Castillo, Eva Isabel Lombana Paz, Marlene Flórez Gutiérrez, Jorge E. Chaparro Medina
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DOI:10.17265/2159-5542/2026.05.005
Universidad de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico； Universidad Autoonoma del Estado de Mexico, Huehuetoca； Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa, Mexico； Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, San Juan del Rio, Mexico； Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico； Francisco de Paula Santander University； Unified National Corporation of Higher Education (CUN), Colombia
Criminal behavior is often examined as an individual outcome attributed to perpetrators, although violent interactions may involve victims, spectators, and inquisitorial actors whose responses can contribute to the continuity or transformation of violence. This study specifies a structural model of criminal behavior as an outcome of the spiral and dynamics of violence within groups. A documentary research design was developed from indexed literature published between 2009 and 2014. The model incorporated Perpetrator Behavior, Victim Positioning, Spectator Dynamics, Inquisitorial Responses, Violence Spiral, and Criminal Behavior. The measurement structure treated the constructs as reflective latent variables, while the structural model examined direct relationships with Violence Spiral and Criminal Behavior. The model was evaluated through simulated partial least squares structural equation modeling coefficients because an empirical dataset was not available. The results indicated satisfactory hypothetical measurement reliability and convergent validity across the constructs. Perpetrator Behavior, Victim Positioning, Spectator Dynamics, and Inquisitorial Responses were positively associated with Violence Spiral, while Violence Spiral showed the strongest relationship with Criminal Behavior. Perpetrator Behavior, Spectator Dynamics, and Inquisitorial Responses also presented significant direct relationships with Criminal Behavior, whereas the direct relationship between Victim Positioning and Criminal Behavior was not statistically significant. The model differentiates the interactional roles through which violence may develop into persistent criminal behavior. Its contribution is to conceptualize criminal behavior as a relational and dynamic outcome rather than an exclusively perpetrator-centered phenomenon. Future research should validate the model using longitudinal, multilevel, and cross-contextual data.
criminal behavior, violence spiral, perpetrator behavior, spectator dynamics, inquisitorial responses
Cruz Garcia Lirios, Wilfrido Isidro Aldana Balderas, Josefiina Haydee Gutierrez Hernandez, Adriana Vanessa Blanes Ugarte, María del Rosario Molina González, Sonia Sujell Velez Baez, Tania Soto Ramirez, Ana Luz Minera Castillo, Eva Isabel Lombana Paz, Marlene Flórez Gutiérrez, Jorge E. Chaparro Medina. (2026). Criminal Behavior Within the Spiral and Dynamics of Group Violence. Psychology Research, Vol. 16, No. 5, 271-299. doi:10.17265/2159-5542/2026.05.005.
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